highlights
•a novel aligned interpenetrating nanofiber hydrogel is first constructed for peripheral nerve regeneration.
•the aligned hydrogel presents synergistic topographical and biochemical cues for peripheral nerve regeneration.
•nerve conduits filled with the aligned hydrogel can repair the long-distance sciatic nerve defects in 12 weeks.
•the function recovery facilitated by the aligned hydrogel is comparable with that of autografts.
