four-dimensional (4d) printing enables programmable, predictable, and precise shape change of responsive materials to achieve desirable behaviors beyond conventional three-dimensional (3d) printing. however, applying 4d printing to ceramics remains challenging due to their intrinsic brittleness and inadequate stimuli-responsive ability. here, this work proposes a conceptional combination of bioinspired microstructure design and a programmable prestrain approach for 4d printing of nanoceramics. to overcome the flexibility limitation, the bioinspired concentric cylinder structure in the struts of 3d printed lattices are replicated to develop origami nanoceramic composites with high inorganic content (95 wt%).
